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Of these 4670-05-7 thirty review 871361-88-5 manufacturer topics with IGT, 26/thirty had fasting blood glucose >5.six mmol/L and therefore would have been labelled as IFG by the definition of the American Diabetes Affiliation [sixteen]. The median fasting blood glucose for all those clients with IGT was six. (five.96.three) mmol/L vs. four.8 (4.2) mmol/L versus for individuals devoid of IGT.The quantity of topics who noted prior glucose tests was <25% in all 3 groups: 33/153 (21.6%) in the control group, 16/151 (10.6%) in the HIV-infected, ART-nae group and 18/ 150 (12.0%) in the HIV-infected, on ART group. Rates of awareness, treatment and control were low. Of 36 subjects with DM, only 2 (including 1/1 in the HIV-infected, ART-nae group BMI (OR = 1.07 (1.01.13) per unit BMI), waist-hip ratio (OR = 1.07 (1.02.12) per 0.01 ratio units), central obesity (OR = 2.04 (1.20.49)), and current CD4 (OR = 1.001 (1.000.003) per unit CD4) were associated with GMDs. Of note, neither ART duration (OR = 1.01 (0.997.030) per month on ART), protease inhibitor use (OR = 1.44 (0.51.03)), nevirapine use (OR = 1.18 (0.56.48)), efavirenz use (OR = 0.81 (0.40.63)), tenofovir use (OR = 0.94 (0.46.95)), stavudine use (OR = 1.25 (0.62.50)), nor zidovudine use (OR = 0.60 (0.30.20)) were associated with GMDs. We also performed multiple, pre-determined multivariable logistic regressions to determine if the higher rates of GMDs among HIV-infected, on ART could explained by other confounders known to be associated both with HIV status and GMDs. The results of these models are shown in Table 4. In the unadjusted model, being HIV-infected and on ART (for 2 years) was associated with a 6-fold increased odds of having a GMD (OR = 6.26 (3.102.63), p<0.001). Correcting for other possible confounders such as age, sex, BMI and ease of living index did not change this estimate. Adjusting for waist-hip ratio slightly decreased the OR of association to 5.7 in 2 models, but the association remained highly statistically significant (p<0.001 for all models listed in Table 4).There was a strong and dose-dependent association between GMDs and grade of hypertension among HIV-negative adults but this association was not statistically significant among HIVinfected adults. See Table 5 for details.In our study in Tanzania, 1/3 of HIV-infected adults on ART for 2 years were found to have GMDs, a prevalence that was 4x higher than among HIV-negative study subjects and similar to HIV-infected adults in the US and Europe [18,19], and nearly 20% had frank DM. Although a systematic review in 2011 found no association between HIV or ART and GMDs in SSA [20], this review included data mainly from cross-sectional and case-control studies and conceded that most adults in these studies had been on ART for only short periods of time (most <2 years). Two later published cohort studies from SSA with study populations similar to our own were not included in that systematic review, and found a higher prevalence of GMD among HIV-infected patients after initiation of ART [6,21]. Zannou investigated FPG trends in a Defined as waist/hip ratio of 0.85 for women and waist/hip ratio 0.90 for men For all 301 study subjects with HIV including 61 with GMD and 240 without GMD cohort of 88 HIV-infected patients followed from ART initiation until 24 months into therapy. During the first 24 months of therapy the prevalence of GMDs increased from a baseline prevalence of 3.8% to a high of 39.2% at follow up (IFG 3.8% to 31.6%, DM 0 to 7.6%). We identified a similar prevalence in our cross-sectional study. Similar results have been seen among HIV-Unadjusted Adjusted for age + sex Adjusted for age + sex + body mass index (BMI) Adjusted for age + sex + waist/hip ratio (WHR) Adjusted for age + sex + BMI + Ease of Living Index Adjusted for age + sex + WHR + Ease of Living Index All models are compared to HIV-negative controls.

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