Tion. A sensitive cellbased potency assay (CBPA) is the preferred alternative [16?19,25]. A replacement to the mouse bioassay poses challenging limit of detection (LOD) requirements, in the low pM, because of the minute quantity of BoNT in drug products, and the required sensitivity, accuracy, precision, and reproducibility for Quality Control (QC) standards [14,18,25]. Light Chain 78919-13-8 biological activity assays (ELISA [26?8], Endopep-MS [29], FRET [30,31], HPLC-UPLC [32], and DARET [33,34]) only measure activity of the catalytic domain and cannot detect non-functionality in other BoNT domains (i.e., translocation or binding domains). Previous cellbased assays to screen BoNT inhibitors relied on cells with low toxin sensitivity such as SH-SY5Y [35] or Neuro-2a cells [36,37]. A reported cell-based FRET assay [30] requires treatments with 50 nM BoNT/A for 48?6 h. Embryonic chicken neurons [38] lack the sensitivity of mammalian neurons. Primary neurons from spinal cord or dorsal root ganglia [39?3] are sensitive to BoNTSensitive Cell-Based Potency Assay for BoNT/Abut technically challenging, time-consuming, and highly variable [14,25]. Sensitive assays that use embryonic stem cell-derived neurons [44?7] rely on Western blot read-out with intrinsic variability and their extensive differentiation protocols pose challenges to QC validation. We report here a AKT inhibitor 2 site functional CBPA with differentiated human neuroblastoma SiMa cells [48] that fulfills all the requirements for a replacement assay [14,25]. It reflects all steps in BoNT/A mechanism of action, its sensitivity (EC50,1-0.4 U/well) is equivalent or better than the mLD50, and improving the 1480666 mLD50, it is specific for BoNT/A by measuring SNAP25197. It is based on a neuronal cell line and a sandwich ELISA read-out, it is accurate, reproducible, and amenable to QC validation. Moreover, it measures BoNT/A biological activity in BOTOXH (onabotulinumtoxinA) vials.Results Monoclonal antibody specific for SNAPEnzymatic activity of the BoNT/A-LC generates SNAP25197 by cleaving 9 amino acids at the C-terminus of SNAP25206 [7]. One of the breakthroughs in the development of the present BoNT/A CBPA was the generation of a monoclonal antibody, 2E2A6 (IgG3.k), recognizing SNAP25197. Monoclonal 2E2A6 is highly specific for SNAP25197 with no detectable cross-reactivity to SNAP25206 in Western blot (Figure 1A), and ELISA (OD405 = 0.892 for SNAP25134?97 vs. OD405 = 0.036 for SNAP25134?06 peptides). 2E2A6 has been characterized using Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) analysis and compared with a commercial antibody, MC-6053 (Research Diagnostic Antibodies), claiming to be specific for SNAP25197, but that was found to bind SNAP25206 with a KD of 240 nM in the SPR analysis demonstrating some cross-reactivity. SPR analysis 15857111 demonstrated that the 2E2A6 antibody has excellent affinity and specificity for SNAP25197 (KD = 0.075 nM for SNAP25197 and no binding to SNAP25206 at doses up to 10 mM) with a very low dissociation constant (1.0661024 s21, Figure 1B) that makes it ideal for the development of an assay specific for BoNT/A. This monoclonal antibody ensures a constant and reliable supply of a critical reagent for the CBPA.collagen IV plates in EMEM serum-free medium with 25 mg/mL GT1b for three days before treatment with BoNT/A complex (0.005 to 300 pM) for 24 h followed by two-day incubation to allow for SNAP25197 accumulation. These optimal differentiation and treatment conditions were established previously for Neuro-2a and PC12 cells and.Tion. A sensitive cellbased potency assay (CBPA) is the preferred alternative [16?19,25]. A replacement to the mouse bioassay poses challenging limit of detection (LOD) requirements, in the low pM, because of the minute quantity of BoNT in drug products, and the required sensitivity, accuracy, precision, and reproducibility for Quality Control (QC) standards [14,18,25]. Light Chain assays (ELISA [26?8], Endopep-MS [29], FRET [30,31], HPLC-UPLC [32], and DARET [33,34]) only measure activity of the catalytic domain and cannot detect non-functionality in other BoNT domains (i.e., translocation or binding domains). Previous cellbased assays to screen BoNT inhibitors relied on cells with low toxin sensitivity such as SH-SY5Y [35] or Neuro-2a cells [36,37]. A reported cell-based FRET assay [30] requires treatments with 50 nM BoNT/A for 48?6 h. Embryonic chicken neurons [38] lack the sensitivity of mammalian neurons. Primary neurons from spinal cord or dorsal root ganglia [39?3] are sensitive to BoNTSensitive Cell-Based Potency Assay for BoNT/Abut technically challenging, time-consuming, and highly variable [14,25]. Sensitive assays that use embryonic stem cell-derived neurons [44?7] rely on Western blot read-out with intrinsic variability and their extensive differentiation protocols pose challenges to QC validation. We report here a functional CBPA with differentiated human neuroblastoma SiMa cells [48] that fulfills all the requirements for a replacement assay [14,25]. It reflects all steps in BoNT/A mechanism of action, its sensitivity (EC50,1-0.4 U/well) is equivalent or better than the mLD50, and improving the 1480666 mLD50, it is specific for BoNT/A by measuring SNAP25197. It is based on a neuronal cell line and a sandwich ELISA read-out, it is accurate, reproducible, and amenable to QC validation. Moreover, it measures BoNT/A biological activity in BOTOXH (onabotulinumtoxinA) vials.Results Monoclonal antibody specific for SNAPEnzymatic activity of the BoNT/A-LC generates SNAP25197 by cleaving 9 amino acids at the C-terminus of SNAP25206 [7]. One of the breakthroughs in the development of the present BoNT/A CBPA was the generation of a monoclonal antibody, 2E2A6 (IgG3.k), recognizing SNAP25197. Monoclonal 2E2A6 is highly specific for SNAP25197 with no detectable cross-reactivity to SNAP25206 in Western blot (Figure 1A), and ELISA (OD405 = 0.892 for SNAP25134?97 vs. OD405 = 0.036 for SNAP25134?06 peptides). 2E2A6 has been characterized using Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) analysis and compared with a commercial antibody, MC-6053 (Research Diagnostic Antibodies), claiming to be specific for SNAP25197, but that was found to bind SNAP25206 with a KD of 240 nM in the SPR analysis demonstrating some cross-reactivity. SPR analysis 15857111 demonstrated that the 2E2A6 antibody has excellent affinity and specificity for SNAP25197 (KD = 0.075 nM for SNAP25197 and no binding to SNAP25206 at doses up to 10 mM) with a very low dissociation constant (1.0661024 s21, Figure 1B) that makes it ideal for the development of an assay specific for BoNT/A. This monoclonal antibody ensures a constant and reliable supply of a critical reagent for the CBPA.collagen IV plates in EMEM serum-free medium with 25 mg/mL GT1b for three days before treatment with BoNT/A complex (0.005 to 300 pM) for 24 h followed by two-day incubation to allow for SNAP25197 accumulation. These optimal differentiation and treatment conditions were established previously for Neuro-2a and PC12 cells and.
