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Terms, including “��-Amatoxin biological activity breast cancer”, “nutrition”, “polyphenol”, and “human”. Abstracts were reviewed for relevant material.Table 1. Clinical studies of polyphenols in breast cancer patients. Table includes human studies only and those with a dietary or supplemental intervention. Abbreviations: BCa–Breast cancer.Research Design/Assessment/Outcome Measure Design; Observational. Assessed intake of vegetables, fruit and fibre. Outcome: Time to secondary BCa cancer eventAuthor, Chaetocin site YearParticipantsSummary Outcome Greater intake of fruit and vegetables naturally high in polyphenols and carotenoids, was associated with improved likelihood of breast cancer ree survival regardless of study group assignment. HR = 0.Rock, Natarajan et al., 2009 [10]3043 early-mid diagnosed BCa patientsNutrients 2016, 8,3 ofTable 1. Cont.Research Design/Assessment/Outcome Measure Design: Observational. Assessed dietary intake of fruit and vegetable consumption. Outcome: risk of breast cancerAuthor, YearParticipantsSummary Outcome A high consumption of fruit and vegetables naturally high in polyphenols and carotenoids may reduce the risk of premenopausal but not postmenopausal breast cancer, particularly among smokers A dietary pattern rich in fruit and salad might protect against invasive breast cancer and that the effect might be stronger for ER- and PR-negative tumours Among survivors of early stage breast cancer, adoption of a diet that was very high in vegetables, fruit, and fibre and low in fat did not reduce additional breast cancer events or mortality during a 7.3-year follow-up period. Unfortunately, the control group also received written education materialMignone, Giovannucci et al., 2009 [11]5707 BCa patients; 6389 ControlsBaglietto, Krishnan et al., 2011 [12]Design: Observational. Assessed dietary intake patterns. Outcome: Risk of invasive breast cancer20,967 women of which 815 develop invasive BCaPierce, J.P., Natarajan, L., Caan, B.J. et al., 2007 [13]Design: Intervention Education to promote 5 servings of fruit and vegetable. Outcome: Time to secondary BCa event1537 Bca patients; 1551 controlsSartippour M.R., Rao J.Y., Apple S., Wu et al., 2004 [14]Design: Intervention. 200 mg isoflavones for 2-weeks. Assessment: Direct breast tissue samples from patients were assessed for cancer growth Design: Intervention. 138 mg isoflavones for 24-days. Assessment: Blood samples were assessed for oxidative status Design: Observational. Assessment: Consumption of green tea17 BCa patients; 26 ControlsNo change in apoptosis/mitosis ratioDiSilvestro R.A., Goodman, J., Dy, E., Lavalle, G. 2005 [15] Inoue, M., Tajima, K., Mizutani, M. et al., 2001 [16]7 BCa patients, crossover designIncreased SOD activity. No change in oxidative stress markers 3+ cups of green tea daily was associated with lower BCa recurrence in early stages (HR = 0.69, 95 Cl 0.47?.00)1160 women of which 133 develop BCa3. Discussion 3.1. Dietary Amelioration of Inflammation Associated with Breast Cancer Many studies suggest that low-grade inflammation is mitigated by healthy dietary habits, such as polyphenols and the Mediterranean food pattern, resulting in lower circulating concentrations of inflammatory markers [17]. Western-type or meat-based patterns are positively associated with low-grade inflammation [18]. Among the components of a healthy diet, whole grains, vegetables and fruits, and fish are all associated with lower inflammation, and a limited number of observational studies suggested a pro-inf.Terms, including “breast cancer”, “nutrition”, “polyphenol”, and “human”. Abstracts were reviewed for relevant material.Table 1. Clinical studies of polyphenols in breast cancer patients. Table includes human studies only and those with a dietary or supplemental intervention. Abbreviations: BCa–Breast cancer.Research Design/Assessment/Outcome Measure Design; Observational. Assessed intake of vegetables, fruit and fibre. Outcome: Time to secondary BCa cancer eventAuthor, YearParticipantsSummary Outcome Greater intake of fruit and vegetables naturally high in polyphenols and carotenoids, was associated with improved likelihood of breast cancer ree survival regardless of study group assignment. HR = 0.Rock, Natarajan et al., 2009 [10]3043 early-mid diagnosed BCa patientsNutrients 2016, 8,3 ofTable 1. Cont.Research Design/Assessment/Outcome Measure Design: Observational. Assessed dietary intake of fruit and vegetable consumption. Outcome: risk of breast cancerAuthor, YearParticipantsSummary Outcome A high consumption of fruit and vegetables naturally high in polyphenols and carotenoids may reduce the risk of premenopausal but not postmenopausal breast cancer, particularly among smokers A dietary pattern rich in fruit and salad might protect against invasive breast cancer and that the effect might be stronger for ER- and PR-negative tumours Among survivors of early stage breast cancer, adoption of a diet that was very high in vegetables, fruit, and fibre and low in fat did not reduce additional breast cancer events or mortality during a 7.3-year follow-up period. Unfortunately, the control group also received written education materialMignone, Giovannucci et al., 2009 [11]5707 BCa patients; 6389 ControlsBaglietto, Krishnan et al., 2011 [12]Design: Observational. Assessed dietary intake patterns. Outcome: Risk of invasive breast cancer20,967 women of which 815 develop invasive BCaPierce, J.P., Natarajan, L., Caan, B.J. et al., 2007 [13]Design: Intervention Education to promote 5 servings of fruit and vegetable. Outcome: Time to secondary BCa event1537 Bca patients; 1551 controlsSartippour M.R., Rao J.Y., Apple S., Wu et al., 2004 [14]Design: Intervention. 200 mg isoflavones for 2-weeks. Assessment: Direct breast tissue samples from patients were assessed for cancer growth Design: Intervention. 138 mg isoflavones for 24-days. Assessment: Blood samples were assessed for oxidative status Design: Observational. Assessment: Consumption of green tea17 BCa patients; 26 ControlsNo change in apoptosis/mitosis ratioDiSilvestro R.A., Goodman, J., Dy, E., Lavalle, G. 2005 [15] Inoue, M., Tajima, K., Mizutani, M. et al., 2001 [16]7 BCa patients, crossover designIncreased SOD activity. No change in oxidative stress markers 3+ cups of green tea daily was associated with lower BCa recurrence in early stages (HR = 0.69, 95 Cl 0.47?.00)1160 women of which 133 develop BCa3. Discussion 3.1. Dietary Amelioration of Inflammation Associated with Breast Cancer Many studies suggest that low-grade inflammation is mitigated by healthy dietary habits, such as polyphenols and the Mediterranean food pattern, resulting in lower circulating concentrations of inflammatory markers [17]. Western-type or meat-based patterns are positively associated with low-grade inflammation [18]. Among the components of a healthy diet, whole grains, vegetables and fruits, and fish are all associated with lower inflammation, and a limited number of observational studies suggested a pro-inf.

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