Survey have been utilized to calibrate the final sample employing a approach generally known as the CALMAR procedure. Within this strategy, variations involving 86168-78-7 participants and nonparticipants have been compensated by attributing a specific weight to every patient within the evaluation, inversely proportional for the participation price of comparable individuals at baseline 1407003 amongst all sufferers surveyed. Variations at baseline amongst GP-CM, GP-Mx and GP-Ho groups were estimated utilizing multivariate logistic regression analyses. A propensity score was computed for each participant within the study indicating their probability of belonging to either GP-Mx or GP-Ho groups in comparison with the GP-CM group in accordance with all variables listed in Total N = 518 Female gender Age 019 2049 50+ Higher college degree completed Body Mass Index ,25 25+ Smoking Non smoker Former smoker Present smoker or current smoker Physical activity $30 minutes every day 47.3 23.0 29.7 28.1 60.6 39.four 41.9 33.six 24.five 57.1 59.8 GP-CM N = 165 58.two GP-Mx N = 203 58.6 GP-Ho N = 150 63.3 Nonparticipating patients N = 884 54.two 38.2 41.two 20.six 55.7 43.3 29.1 27.six 50.eight 44.0 31.three 24.7 65.7 40.five 39.7 19.8 53.4 65.0 35.0 51.three 48.7 68.3 31.7 61.9 38.1 36.4 27.9 35.7 33.five 50.2 20.7 29.1 25.7 55.three 20.7 24.0 25.5 39.six 21.four 39.0 29.7 1 Variety of healthcare practice in accordance with physicians’ prescribing preferences: GP-CM, traditional medicine; GP-Mx, mixed practice; GPHo, registered homeopathic physicians. Variations compared to participants statistically important. Differences compared to the GP-CM group statistically significant. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.[DTrp6]-LH-RH 0089990.t002 three EPI3 Study on Homeopathy and Antibiotics for URTI Total N = 518 URTI symptoms at inclusion Fever $38.5uC Rhinorrhea Nasal obstruction Cough Shortness of breath Dysphagia Stomatitis Diagnoses/syndrome at inclusion Rhinopharyngitis Bronchitis Bronchiolitis Flu-like symptoms Viral angina Comorbidities Gastroenteritis URTI in earlier 12 months Hospitalization in previous 12 months Prescriptions on day of inclusion Antibiotic Antipyretic/anti-inflammatory drugs Homeopathic drug for URTI 1 GP-CM N = 165 GP-Mx N = 203 GP-Ho N = 150 51.0 72.4 57.3 71.two 30.1 21.8 four.1 53.3 75.two 63.0 76.4 27.9 22.4 three.6 59.1 71.four 56.two 72.four 36.five 23.six five.9 37.three 70.7 52.7 64.0 24.0 18.7 two.0 73.9 28.0 5.two 12.7 8.7 75.two 29.1 six.1 ten.9 9.1 70.9 31.five 5.four 14.8 9.9 76.7 22.0 4.0 12.0 six.7 three.5 67.two 14.1 0.six 64.2 16.0 5.9 68.five 14.four three.3 68.7 11.five 32.6 40.five 21.six 39.four 52.1 0.six 41.four 45.eight 9.4 13.three 20.7 61.three Variety of medical practice according to physicians’ prescribing preferences: GP-CM, standard medicine; GP-Mx, mixed prescribing practice; GP-Ho, registered homeopathic physicians. Distinction statistically substantial. doi:ten.1371/journal.pone.0089990.t003 intended to adjust for confounding by differences amongst the groups in all subsequent analyses. The 3 groups were compared for the four binary outcomes making use of the GP-CM group because the reference group working with logistic regression analyses adjusted for baseline qualities and also the quantity of URTI symptoms at baseline. Clustering effects resulting from recruiting quite a few patients consulting precisely the same GP and autocorrelation among responses towards the 4 consecutive interviews were controlled utilizing Generalized Estimating Equations in the multivariate models. Sample size was estimated for the EPI3 survey as a whole so as to supply precise estimates of prevalence for every single group of diagnoses noticed in principal care, like URTI. All analyses were performed using SAS version 9.1. Re.Survey had been applied to calibrate the final sample using a method called the CALMAR process. In this strategy, variations involving participants and nonparticipants have been compensated by attributing a particular weight to every patient within the analysis, inversely proportional towards the participation rate of similar patients at baseline 1407003 amongst all patients surveyed. Differences at baseline among GP-CM, GP-Mx and GP-Ho groups had been estimated employing multivariate logistic regression analyses. A propensity score was computed for every participant inside the study indicating their probability of belonging to either GP-Mx or GP-Ho groups compared to the GP-CM group as outlined by all variables listed in Total N = 518 Female gender Age 019 2049 50+ Higher school degree completed Body Mass Index ,25 25+ Smoking Non smoker Former smoker Existing smoker or recent smoker Physical activity $30 minutes each day 47.three 23.0 29.7 28.1 60.six 39.4 41.9 33.six 24.5 57.1 59.8 GP-CM N = 165 58.two GP-Mx N = 203 58.six GP-Ho N = 150 63.three Nonparticipating individuals N = 884 54.two 38.2 41.two 20.6 55.7 43.three 29.1 27.6 50.eight 44.0 31.3 24.7 65.7 40.five 39.7 19.8 53.four 65.0 35.0 51.three 48.7 68.three 31.7 61.9 38.1 36.four 27.9 35.7 33.five 50.2 20.7 29.1 25.7 55.3 20.7 24.0 25.five 39.six 21.four 39.0 29.7 1 Form of healthcare practice based on physicians’ prescribing preferences: GP-CM, traditional medicine; GP-Mx, mixed practice; GPHo, registered homeopathic physicians. Variations in comparison with participants statistically considerable. Differences compared to the GP-CM group statistically significant. doi:ten.1371/journal.pone.0089990.t002 three EPI3 Study on Homeopathy and Antibiotics for URTI Total N = 518 URTI symptoms at inclusion Fever $38.5uC Rhinorrhea Nasal obstruction Cough Shortness of breath Dysphagia Stomatitis Diagnoses/syndrome at inclusion Rhinopharyngitis Bronchitis Bronchiolitis Flu-like symptoms Viral angina Comorbidities Gastroenteritis URTI in earlier 12 months Hospitalization in earlier 12 months Prescriptions on day of inclusion Antibiotic Antipyretic/anti-inflammatory drugs Homeopathic drug for URTI 1 GP-CM N = 165 GP-Mx N = 203 GP-Ho N = 150 51.0 72.four 57.3 71.2 30.1 21.eight four.1 53.3 75.2 63.0 76.four 27.9 22.four three.6 59.1 71.four 56.2 72.4 36.5 23.six 5.9 37.three 70.7 52.7 64.0 24.0 18.7 two.0 73.9 28.0 5.two 12.7 eight.7 75.two 29.1 six.1 10.9 9.1 70.9 31.5 five.4 14.8 9.9 76.7 22.0 four.0 12.0 6.7 three.5 67.two 14.1 0.six 64.two 16.0 five.9 68.5 14.four three.3 68.7 11.five 32.6 40.5 21.6 39.4 52.1 0.six 41.four 45.8 9.4 13.3 20.7 61.three Kind of health-related practice based on physicians’ prescribing preferences: GP-CM, traditional medicine; GP-Mx, mixed prescribing practice; GP-Ho, registered homeopathic physicians. Difference statistically substantial. doi:ten.1371/journal.pone.0089990.t003 intended to adjust for confounding by differences involving the groups in all subsequent analyses. The 3 groups have been compared for the 4 binary outcomes applying the GP-CM group because the reference group employing logistic regression analyses adjusted for baseline traits and also the variety of URTI symptoms at baseline. Clustering effects resulting from recruiting numerous sufferers consulting the exact same GP and autocorrelation involving responses for the four consecutive interviews have been controlled making use of Generalized Estimating Equations in the multivariate models. Sample size was estimated for the EPI3 survey as a complete so as to supply accurate estimates of prevalence for every single group of diagnoses observed in primary care, such as URTI. All analyses have been performed applying SAS version 9.1. Re.
