T al. 2018 [224] Naidu et al. 2018 [104] Poursanidis et al. 2020 [204] Rudiastuti et al. 2021 [68] Satellite Applied Streptonigrin In Vivo Landsat WV-2 Landsat Landsat Landsat Quickbird Quickbird Sentinel-2 Sentinel-2 GeoEye-1 and WV-2 WV-2 Sentinel-2 Sentinel-2 System Made use of RF, SVM SVM MLH MLH SVM MLH MLH ISODATA RF, SVM MLH MLH DT, RF, SVM ISODATA, K-Means Number of Classes 4 9 six four 2 four 4 ten and 12 four 3 7 4Tasisulam Biological Activity remote Sens. 2021, 13,15 ofTable A1. Cont. Reference Shapiro et al. 2020 [69] Siregar et al. 2020 [76] Sutrisno et al. 2021 [77] Wicaksono Lazuardi 2018 [84] Wicaksono et al. 2019 [185] Xu et al. 2019 [107] Zhafarina Wicaksono 2019 [85] Satellite Employed Sentinel-2 WV-2 and SPOT-6 SPOT-6 Planet Scope WV-2 WV-2 Planet Scope Approach Employed RF MLH K-Means, ISODATA, MLH DT, MLH, SVM DT, RF, SVM SVM, MLH RF, SVM Quantity of Classes 4 8 4 five 4 and 14 5
remote sensingArticleClouds’ Microphysical Properties and Their Partnership with Lightning Activity in Northeast BrazilLizandro Pereira de Abreu 1,2, , Weber Andrade Gon lves two,3 , Enrique Vieira Mattos four , Pedro Rodrigues Mutti 2,three , Daniele Torres Rodrigues two,5 and Marcos Paulo Ara o da Silva1Instituto Federal do Piau(IFPI), Campus Corrente, Rua 06, S/N, Nova Corrente, Corrente 64980-000, Brazil Programa de P -Gradua o em Ci cias Clim icas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Av. Senador Salgado Filho 3000, Lagoa Nova, Natal 59078-970, Brazil; [email protected] (W.A.G.); [email protected] (P.R.M.); [email protected] (D.T.R.) Departamento de Ci cias Atmosf icas e Clim icas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Av. Senador Salgado Filho 3000, Lagoa Nova, Natal 59078-970, Brazil Instituto de Recursos Naturais, Universidade Federal de Itajub(UNIFEI), Av. BPS, 1303, Itajub37500-903, Brazil; [email protected] Departamento de Estat tica, Universidade Federal do Piau(UFPI), Av. Campus Universit io Ministro Petr io Portella, Ininga, Teresina 64049-550, Brazil CommSensLab-UPC, Department of Signal Theory and Communications (TSC), Universitat Polit nica de Catalunya (UPC), Campus Nord, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain; [email protected] Correspondence: [email protected]: de Abreu, L.P.; Gon lves, W.A.; Mattos, E.V.; Mutti, P.R.; Rodrigues, D.T.; da Silva, M.P.A. Clouds’ Microphysical Properties and Their Connection with Lightning Activity in Northeast Brazil. Remote Sens. 2021, 13, 4491. https://doi.org/ 10.3390/rs13214491 Academic Editor: Filomena Romano Received: 31 August 2021 Accepted: 10 October 2021 Published: eight NovemberAbstract: The Northeast area of Brazil (NEB) has a higher rate of deaths from lightning strikes (18 of the country’s total). The area has states, which include Piau with higher mortality prices (1.8 deaths per million), significantly higher than the national rate (0.eight) and also the NEB price (0.5). Within this sense, the present perform analyzes the microphysical characteristics of clouds with and with no the occurrence of total lightning. For this purpose, information in the Lightning Imaging Sensor (LIS), TRMM Microwave Imager (TMI) and Precipitation Radar (PR), aboard the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) satellite from 1998 to 2013 were employed. The TRMM information were analyzed to establish a connection involving the occurrence of lightning as well as the clouds’ microphysical traits, comparing them as a function of lightning occurrence classes, spatial place and atmospheric profiles. A larger lightning occurrence is connected with larger values of ice water path (38.9 kg.
