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THE JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY VOL. 288, NO. 36, pp. 25995?6003, September six, 2013 ?2013 by The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc. Published within the U.S.A.Unfavorable Elongation Element (NELF) Coordinates RNA Polymerase II Pausing, Premature Termination, and Chromatin Remodeling to Regulate HIV TranscriptionReceived for publication, June 24, 2013, and in revised form, July 23, 2013 Published, JBC PRMT3 Inhibitor medchemexpress Papers in Press, July 24, 2013, DOI 10.1074/jbc.M113.Malini Natarajan?,2, Gillian M. Schiralli Lester?, Chanhyo Lee? Anamika Missra? Gregory A. Wasserman , Martin Steffen, David. S. Gilmour? and Andrew J. Henderson?three In the Immunology and Infectious Ailments, Integrated Biosciences Graduate System, Penn State University, University Park, mGluR5 Agonist Gene ID Pennsylvania 16802, the �Departments of Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Microbiology, and Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118 and also the epartment of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Penn State University, University Park, PennsylvaniaBackground: Multiple mechanisms contribute to HIV latency, which includes NELF-mediated RNA polymerase II (RNAP II) pausing. Final results: Paused RNAP II recruits a transcription termination factor plus a transcriptional corepressor complicated to the HIV promoter. Conclusion: Paused RNAP II couples premature transcription termination and chromatin remodeling to preserve HIV latency. Significance: Paused RNAP II may possibly be targeted to purge latent HIV infection. A barrier to eradicating HIV infection is targeting and eliminating latently infected cells. Events that contribute to HIV transcriptional latency involve repressive chromatin structure, transcriptional interference, the inability of Tat to recruit optimistic transcription aspect b, and poor processivity of RNA polymerase II (RNAP II). Within this study, we investigated mechanisms by which unfavorable elongation aspect (NELF) establishes and maintains HIV latency. Adverse elongation aspect (NELF) induces RNAP II promoter proximal pausing and limits provirus expression in HIV-infected key CD4 T cells. Decreasing NELF e.
